九州体育_双语科技百科(医学) 第64期:麻沸散

Ma Fei San麻沸散Ma Fei San is the first anesthetic in the world and was invented by Hua Tuo, an outstanding doctor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Although Hua Tuos ancient prescriptions were lost, the ingredients are thought to have included cannabis and datura, which is a hallucinogenic plant and was later recorded as an anesthetic during the Song Dynasty. Some specific cases of abdominal operations were dilated upon in Hua Tuos biography:A patient who suffered from abdominal pain for more than 10 days and had depilation of his beard and eyebrows beseeched Hua Tuo for treatment. The doctor diagnosed him as having deterioration in the abdomen, asked him to drink Ma Fei San,and then cut open and explored his abdo-men. The doctor removed the deteriorated part, sutured and plastered the abdo-men, and finally prescribed some herbs. The patient recovered after 100 days.This story is believed to be a treatment of acute appendicitis. There is a historical book,in which the excellent medical skills of Hua Tuo were reflected vividly.It read, Pro-vided that there was deterioration in the intestines, he would cut the deteriorated part out, wash the remaining part, sew up the abdomen, and rub it with ointment. In four to five days, the illness would remit and the patient would not wake due to pain; in a month or so, the patient would recover. ,, There is also the story of General Guan Yu among the people, whose arm was pierced by a poisoned ar-row during a battle. Hua Tuo advised Guan to drink Ma Fei San so that he could do the surgery, yet Guan would not agree. Hua secured his wounded arm into the i-ron hoop of the wood frame and administered a strong anesthesia for it; then he scraped from Guans arm all the necrotic flesh and periosteum, sutured the wound with silk threads, and dressed it with ointment. As a result, the life and arm of Guan Yu were saved.麻沸散是世界上最先被发明者和用于的麻醉剂，由东汉末年名医华佗发明者。华佗的古老配方尽管已亡佚，但人们指出麻沸散的成分不应还包括大麻和曼陀罗花，后者是一种可使人产生幻觉的植物，在后来的宋时期被记述为一种麻醉药物。在华佗的传记中详尽记载着其实行腹部手术的一些明确案例。有一个病人腹痛十余日，胡子和眉毛皆有开裂，他哀求华佗给自己医治。

经临床，华佗指出病人腹部有恶性肿瘤，于是给他服用了些麻沸散，然后用刀头颅其腹部一坎到底。华佗从其腹部切除恶性肿瘤部位，然后用针穿孔伤口，敷上膏药，最后再行给病人进一些药草服用。

一百日之后，病人身体康复。有人指出这则故事描写的是急性阑尾炎的化疗。有一部史书生动地首映了华佗的高超医术，是这样写出的：“病若在肠中，之后断肠湔浸，缝腹膏摩，四五日劣，不疼，人亦必子游，一月之间，即记起矣。

”民间还流传一个关羽将军的故事，在一次战斗中，关羽的胳膊被一支毒箭射中。华佗建议关羽衣麻沸散以便实行手术，但关羽不愿，华佗之后把他的病臂缚在木架上的铁环中，在局部实行反感的麻醉，拿走尖刀风吹尽了腐肉和损毁的骨膜，用丝线把伤口缝好，搽上了药，使关羽留存了性命和手臂。

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